October 25, 1991. Do not lose your inner peace for anything whatsoever, even if your whole world seems upset. Therefore, it was easier for Carter to take a stand against human rights violators in Latin America than it was in other regions which were more strategically important, highlighting Carter’s inconsistent approach towards human rights.
I am. 27 (2) pp. Despite the creation of the Humanitarian Association and Carter’s rhetoric of having an ‘absolute’ commitment to human rights the Carter administration came to frequently push human rights and the work of the Humanitarian Association aside and focus on Cold War strategic interests, and thus the administrations focus on human rights was no longer ‘absolute’, rather it became highly inconsistent. For example, involving more voices within the policy making process and the revival of the Humanitarian Association, a branch of the State Department which Congress had pushed for with the aim of including human rights concerns in US foreign policy making during Gerald Ford’s presidency, which Ford largely ignored (Kaufman, 2008). Jimmy Carter’s Liberalism: A Failed Revolution of U.S. Foreign Policy? Therefore, illustrating that Carter’s commitment to human rights was inconsistent rather than ‘absolute’. In the aftermath of Vietnam, Cambodia, Chile… we’ve been hurt. The boycott came just months after the U.S. had hosted the Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, beating the Soviets 4-3 in the “Miracle on Ice” final. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. And we should not try to be so. International Criminal Law Review. [8] Memorandum from Jessica Tuchman of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski). These arms sales figures certainly did not reflect the real needs of the American people, they represented the desires of the Carter administration to maintain their dominant Cold War position at the expense of human rights policies. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v02/d105 [accessed 5th March 2015]. Therefore, these concerns that allowed strategic importance to become so influential within the administration led to a highly inconsistent approach to human rights. This inconsistent commitment towards applying human rights policies only increased as the administration drew on, through policies such as continuing Nixon’s legacy of Normalising relations with China and the reversal of the decision to withdraw troops from South Korea. Indeed, by seeking to normalise with China the US would form a geographic barrier between the Soviet Union and the East Asian and the Pacific nations, including pro-Soviet Vietnam. Robert C. Donnelly, Gonzaga University.
We can drift along as though there were still a cold war, wasting hundreds of billions of dollars on weapons that will never be used, ignoring the problems of people in this country and around the world, being one of the worst environmental violators on earth, standing against any sort of viable programs to protect the world's forests or to cut down on acid rain or the global warming or ozone depletion. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v13/d84 [accessed March 9 2015]. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v02/d80#fn9 [accessed 1st March 2015]. Codel Nunn Meeting With Deng Xiaoping. [11] Presidential Directive/NSC–30 (February 17 1978) Presidential Directive/NSC–30. Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/gopher-data/conf/fwcw/conf/gov/950905175653.txt [accessed 2nd April 2015]. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v02/d105 [accessed 5th March 2015]. It's only now dawning upon the world the magnitude of the action that the Soviets undertook in invading Afghanistan. [6] Action Memorandum from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lake) to Secretary of State Vance. When I was in the White House, I was confronted with the challenge of the Cold War. Indeed, the administration actively chose to commit to continuing the Nixon/ Ford policies of arming Iran and Normalising with China, despite realising that this would mean the US would have little influence over improving human rights issues in these nations. It was a showcase of ideology as much as sporting achievement. Indeed, Carter’s close relationship with the Shah and the fact that Carter was willing to sell Iran record breaking amounts of arms, seemed to suggest that Carter was more than happy to continue President Nixon’s policy of using Iran to outsource containment in the region of the Middle East (McGlinchey, 2014). The Administration’s commitment to normalise relations with the People’s Republic of China under Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping marks the end of the Carter Administrations limited focus on human rights policies in East Asia. After Carter’s election victory little effort was made even to open a dialogue with Iran to discuss human rights, illustrating the inconsistent nature of Carter’s human rights policies due to his administration’s emphasis on the Cold War. Thus, meaning that in reality Carter’s commitment towards human rights was inconsistent rather than ‘absolute’. Furthermore, Carter continued the policy of normalisation despite the statement in his Notre Dame speech that “we are now free of that inordinate fear of communism which once led us to embrace any dictator that joined us in that fear” (Jimmy Carter, 1977). They state, “I am especially amazed that you with your important policy of defending human rights, have not found it ‘proper’ to speak up in defence of thousands of defenceless Cambodians” (Clymer, 2003). Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v02/d105 [accessed 5th March 2015]. The strategic importance of Iran’s geography, due to the fact that Iran bordered the Soviet Union and Pro-Soviet Iraq alongside Iran’s vast oil reserves, meant that Iran was an incredibly valuable tool to contain the Soviet Union for the United States. [15] Memorandum of Conversation. Thus illustrating how the Carter administration was inconsistent in its commitment to human rights due to the fact it placed the importance of geopolitics and Containment in the Cold War period above human rights issues in the context of China. Indeed, a transcript of a discussion with Deng shows how resistant the government of the PRC was toward issues of human rights. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy.uwe.ac.uk/doi/abs/10.1080/07075332.2009.9641173. Despite Carter’s early achievements in Asia such as the release of political prisoners in Indonesia and the promise of elections in the Philippines, Carter’s focus on human rights started to wane.
He is honest, but smart as hell.”— President Harry Truman, diary entry, July … By the late 1970s, the Soviet Union’s economy and global influence were weakening. [18] Paper Prepared in the Department of State (October 21 1977) OUTLINE—PRM 28 RESPONSE. [14] Briefing Memorandum from the Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs (Derian) to Secretary of State Vance. The Reagan Administration’s Strategic Defense Initiative during the Cold War. During Vance’s first diplomatic trip to Tehran in May 1977 Vance mainly focused on the issue of arms and paid little attention to human rights (Trenta, 2013). (2015) First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton Remarks for the United Nation’s Fourth World Conference on Women. Diplomacy and Statecraft. (March 21 1977) Human Rights.
Unlike Carter’s regional focus in Latin America where human rights considerations seemed applicable for some nations and not for others, Carter’s polices in the Middle East focused predominantly on Iran due to its pro-US government and strategic importance, where human rights considerations did not apply. In replacing Carter, Reagan changed the foreign policies of the United States resulting in a Cold War victory Bibliography Mills, Charles G. "The Cold War - The Jimmy Carter Years (1976-80)." Every day we present the best quotes! Written for: Dr Stephen McGlinchey You cannot shake hands with a clenched fist. 5 (3). Furthermore, the PRC greatly limited the political freedoms of their citizens. Indeed, Iran was seen as too strategically important to risk losing through pursuing human rights improvements. By the late 1970s, the Soviet Union’s economy and global influence were weakening. (January 20 1978) The Human Rights Policy: An Interim Assessment. The commitment to normalise with the PRC came despite frequent human rights violations in China, thus illustrating that Carter’s commitment to human rights policies were highly inconsistent in their application. Furthermore, the fact that Iran held vast amounts of natural oil also meant that protecting the pro-US government in Iran was highly strategically important.
However, for an administration that promised an ‘absolute’ commitment to human rights the fact that Carter was so unwilling to even encourage China to confront Pol Pot shows that Carter’s commitment inconsistent due to the fact that it was easily pushed to the side when geo-strategic factors were at play. Due to the widespread ‘disappearances’ of Argentinians the administration cut military aid to Argentina while also encouraging Argentina to democratise through diplomatic means (Dumbrell, 1997), thus illustrating that the administration could use diplomacy while also taking a hard stance against nations who abused human rights. Thus illustrating the influence the Cold War had over Carter’s inconsistent application of his human rights policies. Jimmy Carter (2013). However, there were limitations to these policies. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v02/d87 [accessed 5th March 2015]. (June 13 1979) The Non-Governmental Community’s Recommendations for Strengthening U.S. Human Rights Policy. He was educated during the Great Depression, later attending Georgia Tech and enrolling in the US Naval Academy at … Indeed, this argument is only increased through Carter’s Inaugural Address, and his statement that “our commitment to human rights must be absolute” (Jimmy Carter, 1977). [2] Action Memorandum from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lake) to Secretary of State Vance. Schmitz, D., Walker, V. (2003) Jimmy Carter and the Foreign Policy of Human Rights: The Development of Post-Cold War Foreign Policy. Donations are voluntary and not required to download the e-book - your link to download is below. [3] Briefing Memorandum from the Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs (Derian) to Secretary of State Vance. Both the Soviet Union and I had 30,000 nuclear weapons that could destroy the entire earth and I had to maintain the peace." Date written: April 2015, All content on the website is published under the following Creative Commons License, Copyright © — E-International Relations. Edwards, G. (2008) Exclusive Interview: Jimmy Carter.
Pp. Indeed, Latin America seemed the perfect place for Carter to illustrate his new stance on US foreign policy. Illustrating why Carter’s commitment to human rights can only be described as inconsistent due to the importance he placed on geo-politics and the Cold War at the expense of human rights. Coleman, K., Herring, G. (1991) Understanding the Central American Crisis. Despite early indications that Carter would focus on improving human rights in East Asia this was not to be the case. Poor Richard's Almanack gets an update as Ben Franklin impersonator Robert DeVitis clears up some questions about Franklin's famous quotes. In Encyclopaedia of Chinese-American relations. United Nations. Latin America and Carter’s Inconsistent Approach to Human Rights. Through the use of the regional examples of Latin America, the Middle East and South East Asia it becomes clear that Jimmy Carter’s ‘absolute’ commitment towards human rights was unsustainable due to Cold War complexities and the importance the Carter’s administration placed upon containing the Soviet Union.
Above burns the Olympic flame. (October 22 1979) Goals and Objectives for the Next Eighteen Months. As well as having a cacophony of voices Carter introduced institutional changes in an effort to bring human rights to the centre of US foreign policy making. Jimmy Carter.
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